2:1 {Be strengthened} (\endunamou\). Present passive imperative
of \endunamoÏ\. See already #1Ti 1:12; Ro 4:20; Php 4:13; Eph
6:10. "Keep on being empowered," "keep in touch with the power."
{In the grace that is in Christ Jesus} (\en týi chariti týi en
ChristÏi Iýsou\). Where the power is located. Christ is the
dynamo for power only when and while we keep in touch with him.

2:2 {From me} (\par' emou\). As in #1:13. Paul was Timothy's
chief teacher of Christ. {Among many witnesses} (\dia pollÏn
marturÏn\). Plutarch has \dia\ in this sense and Field (_Ot.
Norv._) suggests that it is a legal phrase "supported by many
witnesses." Not mere spectators, but testifiers. See Paul's use
of \dia\ #1Th 4:2; 2Co 2:4; Ro 2:27; 14:20. Paul in #1Co 15:1-8
gives many witnesses of the resurrection of Christ. {Commit thou}
(\parathou\). Second aorist middle imperative of \paratithými\
(#1Ti 1:18) to deposit, same metaphor as \parathýký\ in
#1:12,14. "Deposit thou." {Faithful} (\pistois\). "Trustworthy,"
"reliable," as in #1Ti 1:12 of Paul himself. {Able} (\hikanoi\).
Capable, qualified, as in #1Co 15:9; 2Co 2:16; 3:5. {Others
also} (\kai heterous\). Not necessarily "different," but "others
in addition." This is the way to pass on the torch of the light
of the knowledge of God in Christ. Paul taught Timothy who will
teach others who will teach still others, an endless chain of
teacher-training and gospel propaganda.

2:3 {Suffer hardship with me} (\sunkakopathýson\). See #1:8 for
this verb. The old preacher challenges the young one to share
hardship with him for Christ. {As a good soldier} (\hos kalos
stratiÏtýs\). Paul does not hesitate to use this military
metaphor (this word only here for a servant of Christ) with which
he is so familiar. He had already used the metaphor in #1Co 9:7;
2Co 10:3f.; 1Ti 1:18. In #Php 2:25 he called Epaphroditus "my
fellow-soldier" (\sunstratiÏtýn mou\) as he did Archippus in #Phm
1:2.

2:4 {No soldier on service} (\oudeis strateuomenos\). "No one
serving as a soldier." See #1Co 9:7 for this old verb and #2Co
10:3; 1Ti 1:18 for the metaphorical use. {Entangleth himself}
(\empleketai\). Old compound, to inweave (see #Mt 27:29 for
\plekÏ\), in N.T. only here and #2Pe 2:20. Present middle
(direct) indicative. {In the affairs} (\tais pragmateiais\). Old
word (from \pragmateuomai\, #Lu 19:13), business, occupation,
only here in N.T. {Of this life} (\tou biou\). No "this" in the
Greek, "of life" (course of life as in #1Ti 2:2, not existence
\zÏý\). {Him who enrolled him as a soldier} (\tÏi
stratologýsanti\). Dative case after \aresýi\ (first aorist
active subjunctive of \areskÏ\, to please, #1Th 2:4, purpose
clause with \hina\) of the articular first aorist active
participle of \stratologeÏ\, literary _Koin«_ word
(\stratologos\, from \stratos\ and \legÏ\), only here in N.T.

2:5 {If also a man contend in the games} (\ean de kai athlýi
tis\). Condition of third class with present (linear) active
subjunctive of \athleÏ\, old and common verb (from \athlos\, a
contest), only this verse in N.T., but \sunathleÏ\ in #Php 1:27.
Note sharp distinction between \athlýi\ (present subjunctive,
engage in a contest in general) and \athlýsýi\ (first aorist
active subjunctive, engage in a particular contest). Not "except
he have contended," but simply "unless he contend" (in any given
case) "lawfully" (\nomimÏs\). Old adverb, agreeably to the law,
in N.T. only here and #1Ti 1:8. {Is not crowned} (\ou
stephanoutai\). Present passive indicative of \stephanoÏ\, old
verb (from \stephanos\, crown), in N.T. only here and #Heb
2:7,9. One apodosis for two protases. The victor in the athletic
contests was crowned with a garland.

2:6 {The husbandman that laboureth} (\ton kopiÏnta geÏrgon\).
"The toiling tiller of the soil" (\geÏrgon\, from \gý\ and
\ergÏ\, worker of the earth). See \geÏrgion\ (field) in #1Co 3:9
and also #1Co 9:7. {First} (\prÏton\). As is natural and right.
{To partake} (\metalambanein\). Old word as in #Ac 2:46 to share
in. Paul elsewhere uses \metechÏ\ as in #1Co 9:12.

2:7 {Consider} (\noei\). Present active imperative of \noeÏ\, old
verb, to put your mind (\nous\) on. See #Eph 3:4 and like
command in #1Co 10:15. {Understanding} (\sunesin\).
"Comprehension" (from \suniými\, to send together, to grasp). See
#Col 1:9; 2:2. This is a blessed promise that calls for
application.

2:8 {Risen from the dead} (\egýgermenon ek nekrÏn\). Perfect
passive participle of \egeirÏ\, still risen as the perfect tense
shows in #1Co 15:4,12-20. Predicate accusative. "Remember Jesus
Christ as risen from the dead." This is the cardinal fact about
Christ that proves his claim to be the Messiah, the Son of God.
Christ is central for Paul here as in #Php 2:5-11. {Of the seed
of David} (\ek spermatos Daueid\). The humanity of Christ as in
#Ro 1:3; Php 2:7f. {According to my gospel} (\kata to euaggelion
mou\). Paul's very phrase in #Ro 2:16; 16:25. Not a written
gospel, but my message. See also #1Co 15:1; 2Co 11:7; Ga 1:11;
2:2; 1Ti 1:11.

2:9 {Wherein} (\en hÏi\). In my gospel. {I suffer hardship}
(\kakopathÏ\). "I suffer evil." Old compound (\kakon, paschÏ\),
elsewhere in N.T., #4:5; Jas 5:13. {Unto bonds} (\mechri
desmÏn\). "Up to bonds." A common experience with Paul (#2Co
11:23; Php 1:7,13,14; Col 4:18). {As a malefactor} (\hÏs
kakourgos\), old compound (\kakon, ergÏ\, doer of evil), in N.T.
only here and #Lu 23:32ff. (of the robbers). One of the charges
made against Paul. {Is not bound} (\ou dedetai\). Perfect passive
indicative of \deÏ\, to bind. Old verb. See #1Co 7:27,39; Ro
7:2. I am bound with a chain, but no fetters are on the word of
God (Pauline phrase; #1Th 2:13; 1Co 14:36; 2Co 2:17; Php 1:14;
Tit 2:5).

2:10 {For the elect's sake} (\dia tous eklektous\). "Because of
the elect." God's elect (#Ro 8:33; Col 3:12; Tit 1:1) for whom
Paul suffered so much (#Col 1:6; 12:15; Php 2:17; Eph 3:1,13).
{That they also may obtain} (\hina kai autoi tuchÏsin\). Purpose
clause with second aorist (effective) active subjunctive of
\tugchanÏ\ with genitive. "They as well as I," Paul means. {The
salvation} (\týs sÏtýrias\). The final salvation "with eternal
glory" (\meta doxýs aiÏniou\). This phrase only here and #1Pe
5:10, but in #2Co 4:17 we have "eternal weight of glory."

2:11 {Faithful is the saying} (\pistos ho logos\). The saying
which follows here though it can refer to the preceding as in
#1Ti 4:9. See #1Ti 1:15. It is possible that from here to the
end of #13 we have the fragment of an early hymn. There are four
conditions in these verses (#11-13), all of the first class,
assumed to be true. Parallels to the ideas here expressed are
found in #2Th 1:5; 1Co 4:8; 2Co 7:3; Ro 6:3-8; Col 3:1-4. Note
the compounds with \sun\ (\sunapethanomen\, {we died with}, from
\sunapothnesko\ as in #2Co 7:3; \sunzýsomen\, {we shall live
with}, from \sunzaÏ\ as in #2Co 7:3; \sumbasileusomen\, {we
shall reign with}, from \sumbasileuÏ\ as in #1Co 4:8). For
\hupomenomen\ (we endure) see #1Co 13:7 and for \apistoumen\ (we
are faithless) see #Ro 3:3. The verb \arneomai\, to deny
(\arnýsometha\, we shall deny, \arnýsetai\, he will deny,
\arnýsasthai\, deny, first aorist middle infinitive) is an old
word, common in the Gospels in the sayings of Jesus (#Mt 10:33;
Lu 12:9), used of Peter (#Mr 14:70), and is common in the
Pastorals (#1Ti 5:8; Tit 2:12; 2Ti 3:5). Here in verse #13 it
has the notion of proving false to oneself, a thing that Christ
"cannot" (\ou dunatai\) do.

2:14 {That they strive not about words} (\mý logomachein\). Word
apparently coined by Paul from \logomachia\ (#1Ti 6:4 which
see), a back formation in that case. A mere war of words
displeases Paul. (#Tit 3:9). {Useful} (\chrýsimon\). Late and
rare word from \chraomai\, here only in N.T. {To the subverting}
(\epi katastrophýi\). Old word (from \katastrephÏ\, to turn down
or over), here only in N.T. (except #2Pe 2:6 in some MSS., not
in Westcott and Hort)." Because of the overthrow" (result \epi\,
not aim), useless for this reason. Such war of words merely
upsets the hearers.

2:15 {Give diligence} (\spoudason\). First aorist active
imperative of \spoudazÏ\, old word, as in #1Th 2:17; Ga 2:10.
{To present} (\parastýsai\). First aorist active infinitive of
\paristými\ as in #Col 1:22,28. {Approved unto God} (\dokimon
tÏi theÏi\). Dative case \theÏi\ with \dokimon\, predicate
accusative, old adjective (from \dechomai\), for which see #1Co
11:19; 2Co 10:18. {A workman} (\ergatýn\). See #2Co 11:3; Php
3:2. {That needeth not to be ashamed} (\anepaischunton\). Late
double compound verbal adjective (\a\ privative, \epaischunÏ\),
in Josephus and here alone. {Handling aright} (\orthotomounta\).
Present active participle of \orthotomeÏ\, late and rare compound
(\orthotomos\), cutting straight, \orthos\ and \temnÏ\), here
only in N.T. It occurs in #Pr 3:6; 11:5 for making straight
paths (\hodous\) with which compare #Heb 12:13 and "the Way" in
#Ac 9:2. Theodoret explains it to mean ploughing a straight
furrow. Parry argues that the metaphor is the stone mason cutting
the stones straight since \temnÏ\ and \orthos\ are so used. Since
Paul was a tent-maker and knew how to cut straight the rough
camel-hair cloth, why not let that be the metaphor? Certainly
plenty of exegesis is crooked enough (crazy-quilt patterns) to
call for careful cutting to set it straight.

2:16 {Shun} (\periistaso\). See #Tit 3:9. {Babblings}
(\kenophÏnias\). See #1Ti 6:20. {Will proceed} (\prokopsousin\).
Future active of \prokoptÏ\, "will cut forward." See #Ga 1:14; Ro
13:12. {Further in ungodliness} (\epi pleion asebeias\). "To
more of ungodliness." See #Ro 1:18; 1Ti 2:2.

2:17 {Will eat} (\nomýn hexei\). "Will have (future active of
\echÏ\) pasturage or increase" (\nomý\, old word from \nemÏ\, to
pasture, in N.T. only here and #Joh 10:9). {As doth gangrene}
(\hÏs gaggraina\). Late word (medical writers and Plutarch), only
here in N.T. From \graÏ\ or \grainÏ\, to gnaw, to eat, an eating,
spreading disease. Hymenaeus is probably the one mentioned in
#1Ti 1:20. Nothing is known of Philetus.

2:18 {Men who} (\hoitines\). "The very ones who." {Have erred}
(\ýstochýsan\). "Missed the mark." First aorist active indicative
of \astocheÏ\, for which see #1Ti 1:6; 6:21. {That the
resurrection is past already} (\anastasin ýdý gegonenai\). Second
perfect active infinitive of \ginomai\ in indirect assertion
after \legontes\ (saying) with the accusative of general
reference (\anastasin\). {Overthrow} (\anatrepousin\). See #Tit
1:11.

2:19 {Howbeit} (\mentoi\). Strong adversative, "however." {Firm}
(\stereos\). Old adjective, solid, compact, in N.T. only here,
#1Pe 5:9; Heb 5:12,14. See \stereÏma\ in #Col 2:5. For
\themelios\ see #1Co 3:11; Rom 15:20; 1Ti 6:19. Cf. \hedraiÏma\
in #1Ti 3:15. {Seal} (\sphragis\). See #1Co 9:2; Ro 4:11.
{Knoweth} (\egnÏ\). Timeless aorist active indicative of
\ginÏskÏ\. Quotation from #Nu 16:5. {Let every one depart}
(\apostýtÏ pŠs\). Paraphrase of #Nu 16:27; Isa 26:13; 52:11; Jer
20:9. Second aorist active imperative of \aphistými\
(intransitive use), "Let every one stand off from." Probably
another echo of the rebellion of Korah.

2:20 {In a great house} (\en megalýi oikiŠi\). Metaphor of a
palace. He doubtless has the Kingdom of God in mind, but he works
out the metaphor of a great house of the rich and mighty.
{Vessels} (\skeuý\). Old word \skeuos\. See #Ro 9:21 for the
same double use as here. {Of gold} (\chrusŠ\). Old contracted
adjective \chruseos\, only here by Paul. {Of silver} (\argurŠ\).
Old contracted adjective \argureos\, in N.T. here, #Ac 19:24; Re
9:20. {Of wood} (\xulina\). Old adjective, in N.T. only here and
#Re 9:20. {Of earth} (\ostrakina\). Late adjective, from
\ostrakon\, baked clay, in LXX, in N.T. only here and #2Co 4:7.

2:21 {If a man purge himself} (\ean tis ekkatharýi\). Paul drops
the metaphor of the house and takes up the individual as one of
the "vessels." Condition of third class with first aorist active
subjunctive of \ekkathairÏ\, old verb, to cleanse out, in LXX, in
N.T. only here and #1Co 5:7. {From these} (\apo toutÏn\). From
the vessels for dishonour of verse #20. {Sanctified}
(\hýgiasmenon\). Perfect passive participle of \hagiazÏ\, for
which verb see #1Co 6:11. {Meet for the master's use}
(\euchrýston tÏi despotÏi\). Dative case \despotýi\ (for which
word see #1Ti 6:1) with \euchrýston\, neuter singular like
\hýgiasmenon\ agreeing with \skeuos\. Old verbal adjective (\eu\
and \chraomai\, to use well), useful or usable for the master. In
N.T. only here and #4:11. See \achrýston\ in #Phm 11.
{Prepared} (\hýtoimasmenon\). Perfect passive participle of
\hetoimazÏ\, in a state of readiness, old and common word,
elsewhere by Paul only #1Co 2:9 (LXX).

2:22 {Youthful} (\neÏterikas\). Literary _Koin«_ word (Polybius,
Josephus), only here in N.T. There are lusts peculiar to flaming
youth. {Flee} (\pheuge\). Present active imperative of \pheugÏ\,
old and common verb. In this sense see #1Co 6:18. {Follow after}
(\diÏke\). Present active imperative of \diÏkÏ\ as if in a chase
for which sense see #1Th 5:15. Steady pursuit of these virtues
like those in #Ga 5:22. {Call on the Lord} (\epikaloumenon ton
kurion\). See #1Co 1:2; Ro 10:12-14.

2:23 {Ignorant} (\apaideutous\). Old verbal, here only in N.T.
(\a\ privative and \paideuÏ\). Untrained, uneducated,
"speculations of a half-educated mind" (Parry). {Refuse}
(\paraitou\). See #1Ti 4:7. {They gender strifes} (\gennÏsin
machas\). Present active indicative of old and common verb
\gennaÏ\ (#Ro 9:11). "They beget battles." See #2:14.

2:24 {Must not strive} (\ou dei machesthai\). Rather, "it is not
necessary for him to fight" (in such verbal quibbles). The
negative \ou\ goes with \dei\, not with the infinitive
\machesthai\. {Gentle} (\ýpion\). Old word (from \epos\, speech),
affable, mild, in N.T. only here (and #1Th 2:7 in some MSS.; W.
H. have \nýpios\). {Teachable} (\didaktikon\). See #1Ti 3:2.
{Forbearing} (\anexikakon\). Late compound (from future of
\anechÏ\, \anexÏ\, and \kakon\, putting up with evil). Here only
in N.T.

2:25 {Correcting} (\paideuonta\). See #Tit 2:12. "Schooling"
(Parry). {Oppose themselves} (\antidiatithemenous\). Present
middle (direct) participle of \antidiatithými\, late double
compound (Diodorus, Philo) to place oneself in opposition, here
only in N.T. {If peradventure God may give} (\mý pote dÏiý ho
theos\). Here Westcott and Hort read the late form of the second
aorist active optative of \didÏmi\ for the usual \doiý\ as they
do in #1:18. But there it is a wish for the future and so
regular, while here the optative with \mý pote\ in a sort of
indirect question is used with a primary tense \dei\ (present)
and parallel with an undoubted subjunctive \ananýpsÏsin\, while
in #Lu 3:15 \mý pote eie\ is with a secondary tense. Examples of
such an optative do occur in the papyri (Robertson, _Grammar_, p.
989) so that we cannot go as far as Moulton does and say that we
"must" read the subjunctive \dÏýi\ here (_Prolegomena_, pp. 55,
193). {Repentance} (\metanoian\). "Change of mind" (#2Co 7:10; Ro
2:4). {Unto the knowledge of the truth} (\eis epignÏsin
alýtheias\). Paul's word "full knowledge" (#Co 1:9).

2:26 {They may recover themselves} (\ananýpsÏsin\). First aorist
active subjunctive of \ananýphÏ\, late and rare word, to be sober
again, only here in N.T., though \nýphÏ\ is in #1Th 5:6. {Out of
the snare of the devil} (\ek týs tou diabolou pagidos\). They
have been caught while mentally intoxicated in the devil's snare
(#1Ti 3:7). See #Ro 11:9 for \pagis\. {Taken captive}
(\ezÏgrýmenoi\). Perfect passive participle of \zÏgreÏ\, old
verb, to take alive (\zÏos, agreÏ\), in N.T. only here and #Lu
5:10 (of Peter). "Taken captive alive." {By him unto his will}
(\hup' autou eis to ekeinou thelýma\). This difficult phrase is
understood variously. One way is to take both \autou\ and
\ekeinou\, to refer to the devil. Another way is to take both of
them to refer to God. Another way is to take \autou\ of the devil
and \ekeinou\, of God. This is probably best, "taken captive by
the devil" "that they may come back to soberness to do the will
of God." There are difficulties in either view.